THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACUTE INFLAMMATORY CHANGES IN THE LUNGS AND THEIR TRANSITION TO PULMONARY FIBROSIS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Abstract

Currently, acute and chronic lung diseases are the third most common cause of death, taking this place after cardiovascular and oncopathologies [1]. Despite the fact that acute inflammatory lung diseases, such as bacterial and viral pneumonia, successfully respond to etiotropic, pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy, in some cases severe and extensive damage to lung tissue occurs [2,3].

Acute lung injury (OPL) is a specific form of lung lesion characterized by extensive damage to the alveoli, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, as well as pulmonary and systemic neutrophil-associated inflammation, which leads to pulmonary insufficiency and hypoxemia [4-7]. Annually, OPL is diagnosed in more than 3 million patients worldwide, and mortality from this pathology varies from 35% to 46% [8,9]. Over the past few years, the incidence and mortality from OPL has increased significantly as a result of the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-2019) [10,11].