Abstract
Periodontal diseases are inflammatory conditions that affect the periodontium, the dental support apparatus that includes gingival tissue, alveolar bone, cement, and periodontal ligament. Primary pathological signs include clinical attachment loss, radiologically assessed loss of the alveolar bone, the presence of periodontal pockets and bleeding. Gingivitis is a common and mild form of PO; it is a reactive condition that is reversible with proper oral hygiene. In turn, periodontitis is an advanced form of PO when gingivitis is not treated properly, which leads to a chronic, destructive and irreversible inflammatory condition.