Central Asian Journal of Medicine

EVALUATION OF MASTICATORY FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH MAXILLARY DEFECTS AFTER RESECTION PERFORMED IN CONNECTION WITH THE CONSEQUENCES OF COVID-19 AFTER ORTHOPEDIC PROSTHETICS

2025-02-05T07:27:53+00:00

The article deals with the problem of restoring masticatory function in patients with maxillary defects resulting from resection performed due to complications of COVID-19. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to develop effective approaches to rehabilitation of this category of patients suffering from a significant deterioration in the quality of life. Evaluation methods include clinical studies, instrumental tests, and subjective indicators that allow us to identify the dynamics of functional changes before and after prosthetics. The results of the study demonstrate an improvement in chewing efficiency, restoration of the symmetry of the chewing load and an increase in the level of comfort of patients. The data obtained emphasize the importance of orthopedic prosthetics in the comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with maxillary defects after resection associated with the consequences of COVID-19. The work is of practical value for specialists involved in restoring the functional and aesthetic characteristics of the oral cavity.

MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA WITH DISTAL FISTULA IN NEWBORNS

2025-02-05T07:59:05+00:00

Esophageal atresia is a pathological condition that manifests itself in children by the absence of any connection between the upper and lower segments of the esophagus. This anomaly is one of the relatively common developmental anomalies (in 1 case per 3,500 births). There are 5 different variants of esophageal atresia, which are the most common in terms of clinical morphology and anatomy. Atresia of the esophagus with distal attachment, that is, morphological changes in the 1st variant of this anomaly are not covered at all, the lack of morphological criteria shows that there is a high need for sound fundamental knowledge to propose a solution to the problem.

OXIDATIVE STRESS AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE BRAIN ON A HIGH-FAT DIET

2025-02-05T09:04:49+00:00

The study examined the morphological changes, intensity of lipid peroxidation, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in the brain during a high-fat diet. The high-fat diet caused perivascular and pericellular edema, a reduction in the neuronal density of the molecular and pyramidal layers, as well as a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity and an increase in lipid peroxidation processes in the brain. The obtained results indicate a disruption of the structural-functional capabilities of the brain due to enhanced lipid peroxidation and decreased activity of antioxidant systems in fatty liver disease.

THE EFFECT OF THE HEALING MINERAL WATER "JO`YZAR" ON THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE STOMACH WALL

2025-02-07T05:10:30+00:00

The main function of the stomach is to digest food. Inside it are cells that produce digestive enzymes, called proteases, which convert complex food molecules into simple nutrients that can be assimilated by the cells of our organs and tissues. In addition, the stomach produces molecules called intrinsic factors. These proteins are important because when these nutrients pass through the intestines, they absorb vitamin B12, which is necessary for the production of red blood cells. Absorption of some nutrients also occurs in the stomach lining. Water, amino acids, caffeine, alcohol can pass through the stomach walls.

ETIOPATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL COURSE AND MANAGEMENT TACTICS OF ATONIC BLEEDING IN WOMEN AFTER CHILDBIRTH

2025-02-07T05:04:52+00:00

Postpartum hemorrhage is considered a medical emergency and is one of the five leading causes of maternal death. Uterine atony and the risk factors leading to it are the main causes of bleeding after childbirth. In recent years, the rate of atonic bleeding has been increasing in many developed countries. Uterine atony is caused by an inadequate response of the smooth muscle fibers of the uterine body in response to endogenous oxytocin, which provides the contractile properties of the uterine muscle fibers. Normally, the contraction of the uterus after childbirth leads to compression of its spiral arteries, resulting in hemostasis, but as a result of changing in the muscle fibers of the spiral arteries and factors that prevent uterine contraction, uterine contraction does not occur or is insufficient after the third stage of labor, due to hypotonia, bleeding occurs from the spiral arteries, which leads to atonic type of bleeding after childbirth. This article briefly describes the factors that lead to atonic bleeding after childbirth, diagnostic criteria, management strategies and preventive measures.

CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC PARALLELS IN POST-STROKE EPILEPSY, POSSIBILITIES OF THERAPEUTIC TACTICS

2025-02-14T08:14:42+00:00

It is known that stroke and epilepsy have a two-way connection: not only is stroke an etiological factor of epilepsy, but also the first epileptic seizures in old age increase the risk of stroke. As with many other neurological diseases, research is actively conducted to find biomarkers of possible development of epilepsy after a stroke. Effective approaches to drug therapy for patients with post-stroke epilepsy are being developed.

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF PULMONARY MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETES

2025-02-14T11:35:06+00:00

This study focuses on the immunohistochemical changes in endothelial cells of lung vessels in experimental diabetes. The increased expression of VEGFA-1 and ICAM1 markers indicates endothelial cell damage, new vessel formation, and activation of the neoangiogenesis process. These markers play a crucial role in assessing damage and inflammation processes, as well as understanding pathological vascularization in diabetes. The findings demonstrate the role of VEGFA-1 and ICAM1 markers in the development of diabetic angiopathy and vascular pathology.

ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN DIAGNOSING CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY

2025-02-14T11:37:56+00:00

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is now common among the population depending on the way of life, and the fact that the disease occurs in middle-aged people and affects their ability to work requires timely detection of the disease and taking treatment measures. Differential diagnosis between both forms of acute and chronic CSR is important, because the clinical course of this disease and the treatment strategy require a separate approach for each of them. During the examination, when the data obtained by the use of minimally invasive methods, including optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF), are analyzed together, valuable information about the changes in the neuroepithelium (NE), pigment epithelium (PE), choroidal structures and the pathogenesis of the disease is obtained.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY OF THE STOMACH AND SOMATOTYPE

2025-02-14T11:46:30+00:00

According to statistics, as of January 1, 2022, one of the highest rates of diseases diagnosed for the first time in the population is associated with diseases of the digestive system, and it is observed that the number of these diseases has reached 11 thousand per 100 thousand of the population. Chronic gastritis accounts for 60-85% of stomach diseases and increases by 1.4% annually. In European countries, 2-5% of the adult population suffers from gastric ulcer. If you look at the studies conducted by scientists, it was noted that ulcers and changes in the wall of the stomach and duodenum account for 8-10% of the total number of biopsies, and sometimes 20%. To date, acute erosions of the mucous membrane are detected in 3-9 percent of patients with this disease during examination, and this condition is considered one of the aspects of diagnosis that requires special attention.

Purpose of the work. A detailed study of digestive tract diseases requires the development of individual preventive and treatment measures for each patient, especially in childhood, it is necessary to pay attention to the structure of the mucous membrane of the digestive system wall. Currently, methods of radiation diagnostics and prognosis are being improved, this method is high-quality, does not cause difficulties and does not cause secondary diseases in the patient.

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF LEISURE TIME ACTIVITIES OF CHILDREN AGED 11 TO 17 YEARS OLD WHO OFTEN AND RARELY USE DIGITAL DEVICES AND THE INTERNET

2025-02-14T11:52:09+00:00

This article discusses the impact of digital devices and Internet use on children's leisure activities. The purpose of this paper was to assess the impact of digital devices and the Internet on children's daily and leisure time, physical activity, and leisure time activities. Material and methods. A questionnaire was conducted among 900 general education school pupils aged 11 to 17. Results. The results of the questionnaire show that children nowadays spend a lot of time engaged in the use of various digital devices, especially smartphones. They are also actively logging into social media sites such as Telegram, YouTube, Instagram, Snapchat, and TikTok. It is interesting to note that most children use gadgets in sitting positions and various situations, including transportation. They prefer to use cell phones, computers, laptops, and tablets but also show interest in reading activities. Digital devices do not have a significant impact on time spent on homework but may affect physical activity and time spent outdoors. Thus, the use of digital devices is an integral part of children's lives, but the diversity of children's interests and preferences should be considered. Conclusion. The questionnaire survey helped to obtain valuable information about what children do during their free time and what leisure preferences they have. Undoubtedly, these indicators determine the lifestyle and affect the health status of children.

MITRAL VALVE STENOSIS

2025-02-14T12:10:46+00:00

Mitral valve stenosis (Latin: stenosis ostii atrioventricularis sinistri stenosis, also known as mitral stenosis or narrowing of the left atrioventricular orifice) is a common heart disease. It leads to impaired diastolic blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The disease is characterized by a slow progression. The onset of symptoms is most often between the ages of 40 and 50. The disease is more common in women. There is a complaint of shortness of breath during physical exertion due to high pressure in the pulmonary arteries.

This article will discuss the causes, symptoms and consequences of mitral valve stenosis, as well as methods of treatment and prevention.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF SURGICAL METHODS FOR HIATAL HERNIA TREATMENT: EXPERT PERSPECTIVES AND EVIDENCE-BASED REVIEW

2025-02-14T12:31:55+00:00

Recent advances in surgical techniques for hiatal hernia repair have fundamentally transformed treatment approaches, leading to diverse surgical strategies and ongoing debates about optimal methods. This comprehensive review analyzes current surgical approaches through systematic evaluation of expert perspectives from 2014-2024, examining outcomes across laparoscopic, robotic, and open surgical techniques. The analysis encompasses multiple key aspects: surgical approach selection criteria, technical considerations, mesh usage protocols, and both short-term and long-term outcome assessments. Recent studies demonstrate evolving trends toward minimally invasive approaches while acknowledging the continued importance of traditional techniques in specific clinical scenarios. Analysis of surgical outcomes reveals varying success rates: 85-95% for primary repairs and 70-85% for complex cases, with recurrence rates ranging from 12-25% depending on technique and patient factors. Emerging technologies, particularly robotic platforms and advanced imaging systems, show promise in improving surgical precision and outcomes. The review highlights areas of expert consensus regarding individualized approach selection, standardized preoperative evaluation protocols, and the critical importance of technical precision. Additionally, it explores ongoing controversies in surgical technique selection, mesh reinforcement strategies, and emerging technological applications, particularly in complex cases involving giant hernias and revision surgeries.

EVOLUTION OF CLINICAL AND HORMONAL PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH SOMATOTROPHIC PITUITARY ADENOMAS AFTER RADIOTHERAPY

2025-02-14T12:53:24+00:00

Objective of the study. To evaluate the clinical and hormonal parameters in patients with somatotrophic pituitary adenomas in the early and long-term periods after radiotherapy. The analysis of the studies showed that hypopituitarism before radiotherapy (RT) was observed in 9.6% of patients with acromegaly. One year after RT, its frequency increased to 19.2% (p<0.05), after 2-5 years to 57.1% (p<0.001), and after 5-10 years to 68.1% (p<0.001). As seen, the degree of hypopituitarism positively correlates (r=0.57, Spearman) with the duration of the post-radiotherapy period, requiring the use of replacement hormone therapy. Our research suggests that different cells of the adenohypophysis have varying radiosensitivity. Thyrotrophs are highly sensitive, while corticotrophs are more resistant, which plays an important role in planning the management of patients with acromegaly and determining the outcomes of RT and long-term prognosis.

TISSUE ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTIONS USE IN THE TREATMENT OF TROPHIC ULCER DISEASE

2025-02-14T12:57:27+00:00

The implementation of new biotechnological analogues (equivalents) of tissues and organs, in particular, human skin equivalents (SE), designed to temporarily or permanently replace damaged or destroyed tissues in trophic ulcer disease, remains an urgent task of regenerative medicine to develop and clinical practice. Currently, there are different types of living cells in the full-layer TE and its individual layers are being created and examined.

A comparative analysis of existing SEs at the commercial and clinical pre-trial stage was carried out. The features of their structure and the possibilities of their use in solving experimental and clinical problems were analyzed. The characteristics of the three main variants of SE were considered. Examples of the use of stem cells to create skin equivalents are given. The main advantages of using stem cells as the tissue component of EC are described.

DETERMINING THE DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF SCALES FOR ASSESSING DISEASE SEVERITY IN RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME ACCOMPANIED BY NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS

2025-02-14T13:04:13+00:00

The study involved 42 patients with symptomatic restless legs syndrome (RLS) associated with neurological diseases. The severity of disease symptoms in all patients was assessed using the Augmentation Severity Rating Scale (ASRS) and the Johns Hopkins Restless Legs Severity Scale (JHRLSS). The International Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale (IRLS), known for its high sensitivity, was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the scales in determining the severity of RLS symptoms. For mild symptoms, the IRLS and ASRS scales demonstrated equal effectiveness, identifying symptoms in 10 (90.9%) patients each. The JHRLS scale identified symptoms in 6 (54.5%) patients, which is 1.67 times lower compared to the IRLS and ASRS scales. Moderate symptoms were detected in 1 (9.09%) patient using the IRLS scale and in 2 (18.1%) patients using the JHRLS scale, indicating 2 times greater sensitivity of the latter compared to the IRLS. The ASRS scale failed to detect moderate symptoms, indicating its low sensitivity. The ASRS scale identified severe symptoms in 1 (9.09%) patient, while the IRLS and JHRLS scales did not detect symptoms of this severity. Extremely severe symptoms were equally identified using the JHRLS and ASRS scales in 1 (10.0%) patient each, while the IRLS scale did not register such symptoms.

CHANGES IN MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF COLLAGEN FIBER BUNDLES OF THE ADRENAL CAPSULE IN RATS WITH THYROTOXICOSIS OF THE CONTROL AND EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS

2025-02-14T13:12:29+00:00

The thyroid gland acts directly on the adrenal glands through its hormones. An excess of thyroid hormones leads to a change in the function of the adrenal glands. In rats, when modeling thyrotoxicosis, the adrenal capsule was significantly thickened in all areas compared with the control. This indicator indicated a partial recovery of the capsule during treatment with mercazolil, and a slight improvement in the thickness of the adrenal capsule during treatment with mercazolil and olive oil. In rats with thyrotoxicosis, the bundles of collagen fibers in the adrenal capsule were significantly thickened in all areas compared to the control group, and with traditional and non-traditional treatment they were significantly thinner than in rats with the thyrotoxicosis model. In the group with thyrotoxicosis and in the group where the rats received olive oil with mercazolil, recovery was faster.

THE ROLE OF ORF1AB AND N GENES IN UNDERSTANDING THE SARS-COV-2 RNA SEQUENCE (Literature Review)

2025-02-14T13:23:54+00:00

Molecular diagnostic methods are widely used in the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, in particular, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology is considered the gold standard for these purposes. Various genetic markers in the viral genome are used to identify them, of which the ORF1ab and N genes are the most important. These genes contain sequences that are specific to the virus, and by targeting them, SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be identified with high sensitivity and accuracy. The article is devoted to the analysis of the scientific literature and role of genes ORF1ab and N in molecular diagnostics.

16S RRNA ANALYSIS OF MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF SARS-COV-2 INFECTION USING MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2025-02-14T13:28:34+00:00

This article is devoted to the study of microbial environmental changes against the background of SARS-CoV-2 infection using molecular diagnostics. The composition of the human microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing technology and the dysbiosis of the microbiota associated with COVID-19 was studied. The article presents scientific data on the enrichment or reduction of the microbiota with different categories of microorganisms during SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as their impact on health and the immune system. The clinical implications of changes in the structure of the microbiota and the possibility of their application for diagnostic purposes have also been considered.

OPTIMIZATION OF DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR LIVER AND PANCREAS DISEASES IN SMOKERS

2025-02-14T13:32:15+00:00

This study comprehensively explored the association between liver and pancreatic diseases and the consumption of tobacco products. A total of 45 patients diagnosed with liver diseases were included in the analysis, with detailed attention given to their tobacco use patterns and levels of nicotine dependence. Among these patients, 21 (46.7%) were identified as tobacco users. Similarly, an analysis of pancreatic diseases revealed that 23 (45.0%) patients with such conditions also reported using tobacco products.

To quantify nicotine dependence, the Fagerström Nicotine Dependence Test (FNDT) was employed. The results indicated that 25 (26.0%) patients exhibited moderate nicotine dependence, while 10 (10.4%) were categorized as having high dependence. These data highlight the prevalence of tobacco use and its potential to exacerbate or contribute to the pathogenesis of hepatic and pancreatic disorders.

The findings provide robust evidence of the significant role tobacco consumption plays in the development and progression of liver and pancreatic diseases. Tobacco is known to induce oxidative stress, promote inflammation, and impair cellular metabolism, mechanisms that are crucial in the pathophysiology of these organ systems. Additionally, tobacco-related compounds can directly damage hepatocytes and pancreatic cells, leading to fibrosis, steatosis, and an increased risk of malignancies such as hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

This study underscores the importance of integrating tobacco cessation programs into the prevention and management strategies for liver and pancreatic diseases. Public health initiatives focused on reducing tobacco use could substantially decrease the burden of these conditions. Furthermore, the data highlight the need for tailored clinical interventions to address nicotine dependence among patients, particularly those with moderate and high levels of dependence, as part of a comprehensive therapeutic approach.

THE ROLE OF THE COMBINED USE OF FOAM HYSTEROSALPINGOSONOGRAPHY AND DIAGNOSTIC LAPAROSCOPY IN CHOOSING TREATMENT TACTICS IN PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC INFERTILITY

2025-02-14T13:37:01+00:00

Background. The mutually exclusive use of such diagnostic methods like HyFoSy and DL has long been established in patients with idiopathic infertility. However, more and more reproductive specialists have recently been inclined to use them together in order to improve outcomes of IUI.

Objectives. investigate the combined practical application of HyFoSy and DL to improve IUI outcomes in patients with II and ONMT.

Materials and methods. retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Reproductive Medicine, AIMS Medical Clinic, Addu, Maldives. 47 women with idiopathic infertility referred for intrauterine insemination between 2021 and 2024 and 48 women with unilateral fallopian tube occlusion who underwent DL and HyFoSy were analyzed.

Conclusions. the tendencies revealed by us indicate a possible benefit of combined performance of HyFoSy and DL in patients suffering from II and ONMT, which requires further research in this direction.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND SHORT-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS

2025-02-14T13:59:33+00:00

Over the past ten years, growing evidence from research has emphasized the potential impact of bacterial communities in the human gut microbiota and their metabolites on both health and disease. Research has demonstrated that disruptions in gut bacteria, known as dysbiosis, can lead to disease and changes in the production of bacterial metabolites, which in turn can disrupt the immune system and metabolism. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including butyrate, acetate, and propionate, are produced through bacterial fermentation in the gut. Changes in the gut microbiota's metabolites have been linked to the development of various neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as mental health conditions like stress, anxiety, depression, autism, vascular dementia, schizophrenia, stroke, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, among others. Deciphering the mechanisms of regulation of neuronal function using propionic, butyric and acetate acids will allow us to identify new pharmacological targets for the treatment of various diseases of the central nervous system.The purpose of this review is to prove that the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites as short—chain fatty acids are a separate functioning system of the body.

ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POSTOPERATIVE PAIN RELIEF IN ELDERLY AND SENILE PATIENTS WITH CIRCULATORY INSUFFICIENCY

2025-02-14T14:05:33+00:00

Patient-controlled analgesia is an alternative to traditional analgesic regimens for geriatric patients with circulatory insufficiency who have undergone lower extremity surgery. This method should become one of the primary approaches for postoperative pain management, as it ensures adequate analgesia and has a positive impact on hemodynamics.

RESULTS OF THE USE OF HIGH-TECH TECHNIQUES IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF VENOUS TROPHIC ULCERS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES IN ELDERLY PATIENTS

2025-02-14T14:10:26+00:00

To enhance the outcomes of intricate treatment for advanced stages of varicose veins in elderly patients. We examine the complex treatment outcomes of 15 elderly individuals with lower limb venous trophic ulcers (clinical class C6 according to CEAP) treated with stem endovenous laser ablation. The patients were 65±5 years old on average. Between the ages of 10 and 18, every patient had an open trophic leg ulcer. Using "Lakhta-Milon" laser equipment, endovenous laser ablation was carried out at a wavelength of 1470 nm. Prophylactic doses of low molecular weight heparins were recommended for five days following surgery in order to prevent venous thromboembolic consequences. The following day, a week, and a month following the procedure, the outcomes were assessed. the condition of the operated limb, the degree of obliteration of the venous trunk, and the local situation.