Central Asian Journal of Medicine

HISTOTOPOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF DEEP LYMPH NODES IN THE NECK OF BABY RATS

Ziyoda A. Akhadova — 2024-12-27

In this scientific study, the features of the histotopographic structure and morphometric parameters of deep lymph nodes in the neck of baby rats born from female rats receiving a research diet were studied. The results of the study show that rats born from rats that were fed a low-fat diet daily have deep lymph nodes. The dead formation occupies 58.1 % of the area, the primary lymphoid follicular zone – 14.7 %, the medulla – 22.3 %, the paracortical zone – 8.5 %. By the 20-day period, the area of the cavity decreased by 2 times, the primary follicular zone increased (18.3 %), the secondary follicular zone increased (11.6 %), and the paracortical area also increased. Expanded (13.4 %). By the 4-month period, it was observed that follicles and follicles have the same area, the area of secondary follicles increased (19.6 %) compared to primary follicles, and the paracortical follicle occupied 12.1 % of the area.

DIFFERENTIATED SURGICAL REHABILITATION AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH INTESTINAL STOMA

Tulkin U. Isokulov — 2024-12-27

The article describes in detail the history of the development of surgical proctology, from the time of the appearance of colostomy, the imposition of anastomoses, the stages of the surgery of fatigued patients. Methods and results of rehabilitation of fatigued patients, principles of imposition and closure of single-double colostomy, treatment of post-operative complications. The impact of a surgical treatment method on social adaptation and quality of life of patients.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MEDICAL STUDENTS IN MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT: INSIGHTS FOR ENHANCING MEDICAL EDUCATION

Bakhodir B. Rakhimov — 2024-12-27

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) tools, specifically ChatGPT and Bing, with that of local and international medical students in understanding and responding to medical questions. The goal is to evaluate the potential role of AI in medical education and identify knowledge gaps among different student groups. The study highlights the potential of AI tools to supplement medical education by providing accurate information and aiding in learning.

PATTERNS OF FORMATION OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION CAUSED BY SARS - COV -2 AND WAYS TO OVERCOME THEM WITH THE HELP OF A NEW DRUG BASED ON G. LUCIDUM AND ALHADAYA

Pulat M. Abilov — 2024-12-27

This article provides a method for correcting coronavirus infection caused by SARS -
CoV -2 using a new combination drug based on G. Lucidum and Alhadaya.

THE DYNAMICS OF MOTOR SYMPTOMS IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION

Sardorbek A. Alixonov — 2024-12-27

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized clinically by a combination of hypokinesia, muscle rigidity, and resting tremors. In other cases, it presents with progressively worsening postural instability, and a variety of non-motor symptoms, such as autonomic dysfunction, affective and cognitive symptoms, and sleep disturbances [4].

Globally, the prevalence of PD (age-dependent) is approximately 1%. The disease typically occurs between the ages of 60 and 65, but in 15% of cases, it can occur before the age of 40. There are also gender differences: men are 1.5 times more likely to develop the disease compared to women [4]. The risk of developing the disease increases with age; thus, after the age of 65, the incidence rate is about 1%.

MODERN APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF TROPHIC ULCERS VENOUS ETIOLOGY. PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY

Gulomiddin A. Maxmudov — 2024-12-27

Chronic venous insufficiency, which is the cause and complication of most diseases of the lower extremities, is a fundamental cause of trophic ulcers. During the last decade, some progress has been made in addressing venous trophic ulcers both theoretically and practically. The modern concept of treatment of patients with trophic ulcers of venous origin suggests a reasonable combination of the following treatment methods: local, compressive, as well as medicinal, surgical, low-invasive and additional methods (physiotherapy, photodynamic and others). The main goal of treatment is to eliminate the ulcerative defect, after which measures are taken to correct the root cause (chronic venous insufficiency) and prevent recurrence. However, the most successful treatment of patients with trophic venous ulcers is still not defined and needs further improvement. In particular, the method of photodynamic therapy using special pharmacokinetics photosensitizers deserves to be studied and its prospects for clinical use extended. The mechanism of photodynamic action is based on the ability of photosensitizers to accumulate in microbial and pathological cells. Under local light exposure, the photosensitiser becomes excited and charges oxygen associated with erythrocyte hemoglobin. Thus, in the cells under exposure, a photochemical reaction is initiated that produces singlet oxygen and its free radicals. Active oxygen forms, in turn, have a damaging effect on pathogenic flora and necrotic tissues. The main advantages of the method are relative simplicity, no risk of developing antibiotic resistance, acceleration of regenerative processes, prevention of secondary infection. Thus, photodynamic therapy allows to optimize local treatment and pre-operative preparation of patients with venous trophic ulcers non-invasively, safely and effectively.

ISTHMOCELE: MODERN TREATMENT AND CORRECTION STRATEGIES

Malika R. Khikmatullayeva — 2024-12-27

Caesarean section is one of the most frequently performed obstetric procedures. In recent decades, there has been a more than twofold increase in its frequency, which now amounts to approximately 24%. In this regard, the issue of the strength of the uterine scar after a cesarean section, as well as the impact of this scar on the course of subsequent pregnancies and childbirth, becomes especially important. This article presents a unique clinical case of isthmocele of significant size in a woman of young reproductive age. Taking into account the emerging symptoms that cause concern in the patient, a decision was made to perform metroplasty using minimally invasive gynecological methods.

SPREAD OF PARASITIC DISEASES AMONG THE POPULATION OF CITY GULISTAN

Islambek A. Kudiyarov — 2024-12-27

The dynamics of parasitic diseases of the population of the city Gulistan were compared with the results of helminthological examinations of open water bodies, soil, fruits and vegetables, meat, and fish products used by the population for drinking and household purposes. In 2022, a weak correlation was found between the level of parasitic diseases in the city Gulistan and the level of contamination indicators of soil, fruit, and vegetable samples (rxy=0.17; mr=0.01), and no correlation was detected with open water bodies, meat, and fish products.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN THE REPUBLIC OF KARAKALPAKSTAN

Sayidaxror T. Turgunov — 2024-12-27

The study assessed the physical development of 2,573 preschool children (height, limb length, foot) from urban and rural areas of Karakalpakstan. Children aged 3–5 years from the city have higher growth rates, which is associated with a favorable urban environment. At 5.5–6 years, rural children demonstrate compensatory growth acceleration. Territorial differences varied by age and gender, emphasizing the importance of environmental factors in monitoring and prevention.

MODERN MICROBIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS

Ra’no Sh. Boltayeva — 2024-12-27

The modern microbiological diagnostic methods for Candida albicans, the most prevalent and active fungus in the vaginal microbiome of women, were analyzed. Based on laboratory examination results, diagnostic research conducted by the cultivation method is emphasized for practical use. Practical examples confirming the effectiveness of modern microbiological diagnostic methods are provided. Additionally, the integration of microbiological laboratory diagnostics is emphasized to improve women's health and prevent vaginal diseases. This thesis explores one of the issues of microbiological diagnosis of vaginal Candida albicans within the integration of gynecology and microbiology. The importance of applying microbiological diagnostic methods in gynecological practice is also discussed.

MODERN PERSPECTIVES ON DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF HIATAL HERNIA

Oktyabr R. Teshayev — 2024-12-27

This comprehensive review analyzes modern approaches to diagnosis and surgical treatment of hiatal hernia (HH) based on literature from 2013-2023. The study examines epidemiology, pathogenesis, and advances in diagnostic methods, including high-resolution manometry and functional imaging. Laparoscopic fundoplication remains the gold standard for surgical treatment, while robotic surgery and endoscopic methods offer new possibilities for treatment individualization. The implementation of enhanced recovery protocols has improved short-term outcomes. The review emphasizes the importance of personalized approaches considering anatomical features, functional parameters, and patient characteristics. Development of new materials and techniques for hiatal repair continues to be an active area of research.

MESENTERIAL THROMBOSIS COMPLICATION AND PREVENTION MEASURES AFTER BARIATRIC SURGERY IN PATIENTS WITH MORBID OBESITY

Oktyabr R. Teshaev — 2024-12-27

mesenteric thrombosis (MVT) after bariatric procedures in patients with morbid obesity.

Our research work was carried out on the basis of bariatric surgery performed on 3100 patients in the clinical bases of the TMA Department of Surgical Diseases in Family Medicine. For our research work, the age range was 18 to 63 years. 2542 (82%) of the patients who applied were women, 868 (28%) were men. 2201(71%) patients underwent LOBR, 837(27%) gastric bypass procedures and 62(2%) patients underwent bipartite sleeve bypass surgery. Mesenteric venous thrombosis was detected in 4 (0.1%) patients after the operation. 3(75%) of these patients underwent LOBR and 1(25%) underwent MGB. The main clinical symptoms observed in patients were as follows: abdominal pain (91.8%), daytime nausea and vomiting (30.8%), fever and bloody diarrhea - 10% of cases. Abdominal restlessness, constipation and bowel obstruction, tachycardia, SSVR symptoms were also observed. Complications of MVT in patients were observed on average 16±3 days after surgery. In these patients, relaparoscopy and relaparotomy were performed, resection of the necrotic small intestine was performed, eunodesens in 3 cases and jejunotransverse anastomosis was placed in one case.

Proper selection of patients before bariatric surgery, elimination of risk factors leading to MVT, complete thromboprophylaxis before and after surgery, prevention of severe dehydration of patients after the operation can significantly reduce the complication of MVT.

PYELONEPHRITIS ETIOLOGY AND ITS DIAGNOSTICS

Ra’no Sh. Boltayeva — 2024-12-27

In this article, the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and treatment methods of pyelonephritis are analyzed in depth. Pyelonephritis is an infectious inflammation of the kidneys, mainly bacterial infections enter the body through the urinary tract and affect the kidney system. The main symptoms of the disease are characterized by fever, back pain, changes in urine. Laboratory and hardware methods, in particular, urinalysis and ultrasound examinations play an important role in diagnosis. Also, how antibiotics and other drugs and therapeutic measures are used in the treatment of pyelonephritis will be explained. The importance of early detection and effective treatment is emphasized.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF WOMEN WITH EXPERIMENTAL METABOLIC SYNDROME

Gulhayo I. Saidmurodova — 2024-12-27

In recent years, scientists have been paying increasing attention to metabolic syndrome in women of reproductive age, as it has become one of the most common causes of reproductive diseases. Population studies show that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women is 15-20%, while in the structure of reproductive system pathologies, metabolic syndrome accounts for 30-35% and is more frequently detected in patients with recurrent hyperplastic processes. The frequency of endometriosis reaches up to 70%. Numerous studies have demonstrated an increased risk of developing endometrial, cervical, ovarian, and breast cancer in women with metabolic syndrome. It has been established that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is 43-47%, while the frequency of PCOS in women with MS is 24%. Notably, almost every woman (91%) with PCOS has some components of MS, including dyslipidemia (60%), hypertriglyceridemia (35%), obesity (67%), and arterial hypertension (45%). Most morphological and physiological studies have focused on morphological changes in the heart and pancreas. However, there are few studies dedicated to morphological changes in the reproductive organs of women with metabolic syndrome. Taking this into account, we investigated morphological changes in the uterus and ovaries as the subject of our research. The obtained results revealed that the main morphological substrate consists of changes in the form of destruction and defragmentation in the uterus and ovaries.

THE PROBLEM OF PERITONITIS IN MODERN ABDOMINAL SURGERY

Bogibek R. Rakhimov — 2024-12-27

The relevance of the topic of peritonitis is due to its frequent occurrence as a complication of surgical diseases and high mortality in this pathology. Surgical treatment plays a key role in the treatment of peritonitis. In modern abdominal surgery, as a rule, indications for staged surgical treatment are certain factors or their complex. Modern methods of detoxification used to remove toxins from the general bloodstream are considered sufficient. The work presents information on the number of cases of acute peritonitis in patients, issues of choosing tactics and methods of treatment, indications for surgery, its type, volume and description.

ASSESSMENT OF CHANGES IN SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF WATER QUALITY OF THE SYRDARYA RIVER IN WINTER

Malokhat A. Mirzakarimova — 2024-12-27

The article presents information on the water quality of the Syrdarya river in the winter of 2023 according to organoleptic and chemical indicators. The analyses of the selected water samples were carried out in accordance with the water quality standard for water supply sources UzSSt 951. It was found that, according to organoleptic and chemical indicators, the water quality of the Syrdarya river in the studied areas of water use by the population meets the imposed hygienic requirements. However, the indicators of total hardness and mineralization (based on dry residue) of the Syrdarya river water in the initial sections exceed the established hygienic standards.

RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION IN WOMEN OF LATE REPRODUCTIVE AGE

Khurshida Z. Akhmedzhanova — 2024-12-27

Aim. To conduct a retrospective analysis of the reproductive function status in women of late reproductive age, assess ovarian reserve and hormonal status, and identify factors that may affect this function.

Materials and methods. The study included 100 women aged 36 to 43 with late reproductive age, whose reproductive function status was examined based on their medical records stored in the archive of the Interdistrict Perinatal Center No. 9 in Tashkent city. Among them, 50 women aged 36-40 years were assigned to Group I, and 50 women aged 41-43 years were included in Group II. Data were collected for each patient on age, ethnicity, lifestyle, diseases, and reproductive history.

Results. Various menstrual cycle disorders were identified in 70% of women participating in the study, including amenorrhea in 25%, oligomenorrhea in 30%, and abnormal uterine bleeding in 15%. Ovulatory problems were diagnosed in 30% of women. Reproductive function issues were found in 74.3% of women, with primary infertility observed in 40% of cases and secondary infertility in 60%.

Conclusion. The results of the retrospective analysis of reproductive function in women of late reproductive age showed that 85% of them had significant reproductive dysfunction, 70% had various menstrual cycle disorders, 60% had anovulatory conditions, and 55% experienced hormonal imbalances. These problems are often associated with age, prior pelvic surgeries, and chronic diseases, negatively impacting reproductive function. The study results highlight the need for accurate ovarian reserve assessment and development of individualized treatment plans.

TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF VAGINAL CANDIDASIS IN MEDICINE (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Aminjon S. Ne’matov — 2024-12-27

In the analysis of this literature, general information about vaginal candidiasis, the relevance of the disease, symptoms, treatment and prevention, the fungus that causes this disease types, in particular, general information about the type of Candida albicans, etiology, diagnosis of this type about, How does acquired immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cause infectious vaginosis stimulation, the importance of the reduction of probiotics in pregnant women in the development of the disease, the estrogen hormone in women effect of the frequency of change on the disease, different in the metabolism of acids the effect of changes on Candida albicans, resistance of the species to various substances, vaccination work, this fungus and o on the disease conducted experiences of recent years, in particular, the effect of antifungal drugs such as nystatin, amphotericin, fluconazole, clotrimazole, their reception and according to instructions and so in theoretical and practical medicine in this field news of recent years information about planned and analyzed and the results are widely reported.

OPTIMIZATION OF TREATMENT OUTCOMES FOR TRAUMATIC CATARACT IN CHILDREN USING RECOMBINANT PROUROKINASE

Arofat Toshpulatova — 2024-12-27

Traumatic cataract is a major cause of visual disability in children, often leading to complications that challenge surgical treatment and recovery. To assess the efficacy of recombinant prourokinase ("Hemaza") in reducing postoperative complications and improving visual outcomes in children. Sixty children (60 eyes) with traumatic cataracts were treated using standard techniques (n=28) or with intraoperative "Hemaza" (n=32). Outcomes were evaluated by visual acuity, complications, and IOL stability. The "Hemaza" group showed no complications (e.g., exudative reactions, hyphema) and improved visual acuity (0.5–1.0 at discharge, 0.6–1.0 after 2–6 months). The standard group had higher complication rates and less visual improvement. "Hemaza" effectively prevents complications and enhances outcomes in pediatric traumatic cataract surgery, supporting safer, faster recovery.

SIGNIFICANCE OF ACHROMOBACTER XYLOSOXIDANS IN ACUTE INTESTINAL INFECTIONS

Nodira T. Yodgorova — 2024-12-27

In this article, we aim to provide information about a unique case that was first discovered in Uzbekistan from isolates of a patient with acute intestinal infection. A rarely identified microorganism, Achromobacter xylosoxydans, was detected using molecular genetic methods. Consequently, a literature review of this microorganism was conducted. It has been determined that Achromobacter xylosoxydans, as well as other Achromobacter species, can cause a wide range of infections in hosts with underlying diseases, as well as independent diseases of various organs and systems with severe complications. Their infrequent occurrence and continuously evolving taxonomy make it challenging to determine their clinical features, risk factors for infection, and adverse outcomes. Due to the antimicrobial resistance of Achromobacter species, they are difficult to treat.

TORCH INFECTIONS DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT METHODS OF TOXOPLASMOSIS

Ra’no Sh. Boltayeva — 2024-12-27

TORCH infections refer to a group of interrelated infectious diseases that pose significant risks during pregnancy, among which toxoplasmosis holds particular importance. Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by the Toxoplasma gondii parasite, primarily transmitted from animals to humans. This article discusses modern diagnostic methods used to identify toxoplasmosis, the risks it poses during pregnancy, and the importance of timely treatment. Detailed information is provided on serological tests, PCR methods, and other diagnostic approaches. Furthermore, treatment options, including the efficacy of antibiotics and antiparasitic drugs, are analyzed. The article reviews clinical recommendations, preventive measures, and the necessity of early diagnosis during pregnancy. The presented information aims to equip readers with the knowledge and approaches needed to reduce the impact of toxoplasmosis and combat it effectively.

THE CONDITION OF THE DENTAL HARD TISSUES IN PATIENTS WITH MENTAL ILLNESS

Otabek M. Astanov — 2024-12-27

This study focuses on the condition of dental hard tissues in patients with mental illnesses. The paper examines the dental health characteristics of individuals suffering from psychoses, depression, schizophrenia, and other mental disorders. Such patients often face challenges in maintaining oral hygiene, improper nutrition, and the side effects of medication, which contribute to the deterioration of dental tissues. The study used methods such as clinical dental examination, radiographic analysis, and patient surveys to assess the state of teeth and gums. The results revealed a higher prevalence of dental caries, periodontal diseases, and enamel defects in this group, highlighting the impact of mental health conditions and associated treatments on oral health. This research underscores the importance of regular dental care and proper oral hygiene education for individuals with mental disorders.

DETERMINATION OF THE GROUP AFFILIATION OF HUMAN HAIR IN FORENSIC BIOLOGICAL PRACTICE

Mukharrama A. Khasanova — 2024-12-27

The results of the study showed that the extracts of grape seeds “Nimrang” and “Saphora Japonica L” can be used as hemagglutination drugs (anti-A and anti-B phytagglutinin) for the detection of antigens A and B in blood stains. The use of phytagglutinins is more economical than the use of expensive heteroimmune and isohemagglutinating serums in the detection of antigens A and B in blood stains during the examination of physical evidence. Detection of antigens A,B0(H) in hair by methods of absorption of agglutinins in quantitative modification, absorption-elution and affinity chromatography are more reliable and selected methods in expert practice for the study of physical evidence.

DETERMINATION OF HUMAN AGE BY MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STERNUM

Akram Z. Otamuradov — 2024-12-27

During the forensic examination of the corpses of unknown persons for the purpose of identification, as well as in the conditions of strongly developed decay changes in the corpses or during their criminal dissection, the study of the bones of the human skeleton can serve to determine the objective evidence of identification process. Currently, the forensic identification of unknown corpses issues of medicine and expertise remain important, as the number of armed conflicts, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, man-made disasters, and criminal murders remains high. With expertise and investigations carried out in this department, rapid search in the course of conducting criminal and civil cases and solving many issues that arise before the prosecutor's office, the examination of the identity of the person is important for the determination of justice.

FEATURES OF ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION OF THE THYROID GLAND IN PATIENTS WITH HYPOTHYROIDISM

D.D. Usmanova — 2024-12-27

In the membranes of erythrocytes in patients with hypothyroidism against the background of chronic migraine, a significant violation of pro- and antioxidant homeostasis is revealed. When studying the indicators of antioxidant protection, their decrease was revealed. At the same time, the content of AOS parameters in the blood plasma in patients with CM and hypothyroidism was noted to decrease in indicators as the duration of headache increased for more than 5 years.

EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITITUITARY SYSTEM (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Barno X. Shagazatova — 2024-12-27

The hypothalamic-pituitary system of the human body is a complex neurosecretory complex that coordinates the endocrine regulation of metabolism with the work of the autonomic nervous system and the integral emotional and behavioral regulation of the limbic system. This review presents an analysis of the literature data, which indicates the entire path of development of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, nervous and humoral regulation of the body, the biological effect of hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, the physiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary system and diseases associated with a deficiency or excess of these hormones.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MORPHOFUNCTIONAL INDICES OF THE THYROID GLAND IN INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE HAD CORONAVIRUS

Hilola Sh. Yakhyoeva — 2024-12-27

A number of targeted scientific studies are being conducted around the world to study the impact of coronavirus infection on the thyroid gland. World scientists claim that there are ACE2 receptors in the tissues of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, and it has been established that these glands are damaged by SARS-CoV-2 directly or as a result of the immune process. However, at present, the pathophysiological features and clinical significance of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the organs of the endocrine system, as well as the impact of concomitant endocrine dysfunction on the prognosis of patients infected with coronavirus, have not been fully studied and are insufficiently covered in the literature. Given that coronavirus infection can lead to autoimmune thyroiditis or subacute thyroiditis, it is especially important to improve early diagnosis and treatment measures, as well as early assessment of the possibility of disability.

ROLE OF RISK FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLICATIONS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ADULTS

Dilafruz G. Abdullaeva — 2024-12-27

This article discusses the prevention of type 2 diabetes in adults. The purpose of the work is to study and implement preventive measures for the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Material and methods. Analysis of the results of the questionnaire and clinical laboratory examination. Results. There is an increase in diabetes mellitus across the world among different age groups; each country has different climatic and geographic characteristics and dietary traditions. Taking them into account, it is necessary to develop a plan of preventive measures to solve the problem.