Central Asian Journal of Medicine

STUDY OF NAFLD DYNAMICS USING FIBROSCAN IN THE CONTEXT OF BARIATRIC SURGERY

Barno Kh. Shagazatova — 2024-07-04

This study is dedicated to evaluating liver condition in patients with obesity before and after bariatric surgery using the FibroScan method. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver diseases, and 12 to 14% of patients have an aggressive form of NAFLD known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH can progress to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, or liver cancer, especially in individuals with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes. The study included 44 patients treated in the endocrinology department of TMA and the Medion Family Hospital from 2022 to 2024. The patients were divided into two groups: gastric bypass (n=19) and sleeve resection (n=25). Biochemical and hormonal parameters, as well as lipid profiles, were assessed before and after surgery. The results showed significant improvement in lipid profiles and reduction in liver fibrosis 24 months after surgery, confirming the effectiveness of bariatric surgery in treating NAFLD and associated metabolic disorders.

INDICATIONS FOR SURGICAL TREATMENT, CLASSIFICATION OF SCOLIOTIC SPINAL DEFORMITIES

Fatxulla R. Umarkhodjaev — 2024-07-04

This article analyses the classification of various forms of scoliosis. Indications and contraindications for surgical treatment of scoliotic disease in children and adolescents have been determined.

MODERN APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE CORNEA USING EYE MEDICINAL COATINGS (literature review)

Zebiniso A. Aslonova — 2024-07-04

Over the past few years, the use of biocoatings in ophthalmology in various pathologies has yielded tangible results. However, most of them are covered with muscle mass: tissue connection, graft fixation, intraocular fluid retention. The development in appearance with an antibacterial manifestation is underway, which is important for patients with inflammatory eye lesions. Research in the field of imparting biocoatings with additional properties and functions is promising in ophthalmology.

Scientific research is being carried out around the world to develop effective methods for treating inflammatory eye diseases and optimizing the use of film biocoatings. The development of polycomposite films with methylene blue for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the cornea, based on hematological, biochemical and pathomorphological changes based on the results of experimental studies in vivo, is important for the scientific substantiation of the results of evaluating the effect of the drug. developed a coating for the processes of regeneration of the cornea based on the results of local and systemic morphological changes. Scientists of Uzbekistan have developed the concept of the optimal composition and properties of the Novacel ophthalmic film. Ziyo "based on a polycomposite polymer material. The film is characterized by biocompatibility, biodegradability, high sorption activity, vapor permeability, elasticity, strength, antimicrobial properties, absence of cytotoxicity, pyrogenic and toxic effects.

IMPROVING THE TREATMENT OF VIRAL STOMATITIS IN CHILDREN DURING ENTERIC VIRAL INFECTIONS

Inomjon N. Akhmadov — 2024-07-04

In children, diseases of the oral mucosa caused by viral infections in the intestine occupy a special place in terms of prevalence, complexity in diagnosis and treatment. Scientific sources and studies over the past twenty years have noted that diseases of the oral mucosa caused by viral infections in the intestine are observed in up to 42%, and in various syndromes - up to 30% of these diseases. At the same time, the predominance of viral stomatitis among diseases of the oral mucosa caused by viral infections in the intestines in children, as well as the observation of 48.2% to 55.1% indicate a high prevalence of pathology. This situation is explained by the fact that the initial stages of diseases are accompanied by a lack of sufficient data on changes in both clinical and laboratory parameters, as well as the lack of a unified etiopathogenetic point of view among specialists. This indicates the need to improve the treatment and prevention of this problem.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND DENTAL MEASURES FOR THE PREVENTION OF DENTAL PERIODONTAL DISEASES AMONG WORKERS IN THE PRODUCTION OF METAL STRUCTURES OF METAL PROCESSING ENTERPRISES

Madina A. Khatamova — 2024-07-04

Periodontal is a complex multifunctional complex of tissues surrounding and retaining the tooth, interconnected morphologically, functionally and genetically, and includes the gum, periodontal, root cement and dental well (alveoli). Periodontal diseases are one of the urgent problems of dentistry. This group includes all pathological processes occurring in the periodontium. They can be of varying severity and develop independently or against the background of general somatic diseases. Pathological processes in the periodontium can be inflammatory or dystrophic in nature (a combination of them is often observed). Periodontal diseases lead to significant violations of the dental system, the development of purulent-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region and in most cases to infectious sensitization, chronic intoxication and changes in the immune status of the body.

EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF KIDNEY PATHOLOGY BY CYSTATIN C MARKER IN GLYCEROL-INDUCED ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY MODEL RATS

Ma’mura I. Jabborova — 2024-07-04

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a rapid deterioration of kidney function, presenting significant health risks if not promptly diagnosed and managed. Traditional biomarkers like serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) often fail in early detection. This article evaluates Cystatin C, a cysteine protease inhibitor, as a potential early biomarker for AKI using a glycerol-induced AKI model in rats. Findings indicate that Cystatin C levels rise sooner than traditional markers, highlighting its efficacy in early diagnosis and the potential for better clinical outcomes through timely intervention.

Purpose: To study the diagnostic and prognostic significance of cystatin C in the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury caused by chemical poisoning. Materials and methods: experiments were conducted on 45 white Wistar rats weighing 180-220 g. Experimental acute kidney injury was induced by a single injection of 10 ml/kg 50% glycerol solution into the hind leg muscles of model rats. In the first 24 hours, the dynamics of blood cystatin C, creatinine, urea, residual nitrogen, total proteins in blood, albumin, globulin, acid-base balance, blood electrolytic indicators (Na, K, Ca,P,Mg) were studied in experimental model rats. Results: at all stages of the experiment, it was observed that the amount of Cystatin C increased, while the amount of creatinine did not change. Conclusion: Cystatin C is one of the optimal biomarkers for early diagnosis of acute kidney diseases.

HEPATOPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF NANOSULFATE CHITOSAN ON THE MODEL OF ACUTE TETRACHLORMETHANE HEPATITIS

Zulfiya I. Galieva — 2024-07-04

The effects of low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) and nanosulfate chitosan (NSC) were studied in comparison with the classical hepatoprotector carsil on the model of tetrachlormethane acute toxic liver injury (ATLI). The optimal hepatoprotective doses of LMWC 25 microg and NSC 10 mg/kg were established for oral administration for 12 days after reproducing the ATLI model. The drugs in these concentrations restored the detoxifying function of hepatocytes, reduced the severity of cytolysis, cholestasis, mesenchymal inflammation, hepatocellular insufficiency syndromes, activated antioxidant activity and reduced high values of lipid peroxidation and apoptosis.

SCIENTIFIC JUSTIFICATION FOR PLANNING THE ORGANIZATION OF DENTAL CARE FOR WORKERS IN CONTACT WITH EPOXY RESIN

Bobur B. Sattorov — 2024-07-04

In the oral cavity of workers in the production of plastic products, chemical compounds as toxic dust can settle in the form of plaque in the area of the necks of the teeth, or through the damaged mucous membrane for faster penetration and absorption, which causes serious consequences in the form of periodontitis, stomatitis. The harm caused by chemicals to certain organs depends on the amount (dose) of these chemicals absorbed by the body. Inflammatory diseases, as well as periodontal damage, have an etiological connection with a violation of the microbiocenosis of the oral cavity. The constant influence of chemical compounds in low concentrations in the air and on the oral mucosa can contribute to a change in the composition of saliva, the structure of microbiocenosis, which eventually leads to a secondary deterioration in the hygienic condition of the oral cavity.

HEPATOPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT CHITOSAN

Zulfiya I. Galieva — 2024-07-04

In 30 rats with acute toxic liver damage caused by the administration of CCl4 in olive oil over a span of four days, at a dosage of 2.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, biochemical indicators of liver damage were studied. To reproduce acute toxic liver damage, 30 rats were administered CCI4 4 times at a dose of 2.5 ml/kg body weight subcutaneously for 4 days. No mortality was observed. Pharmacotherapy of acute toxic liver damage was carried out 24 hours after the final administration of the toxicant. The animals were separated into the following groups: control group (10 rats) with ATH + placebo (H2O); comparison group (10 rats) with ATH + comparison drug Carsil at a dose of 100 mg/kg; main group (10 rats) with ATH + LMWC at a dose of 25 mg/kg. The drugs were administered as a suspension intragastrically through a special tube for 12 days. In the control group, the development of syndromes of cytolysis, cholestasis, mesenchymal inflammation, and hepatic cell failure, a decrease in catalase activity, and an elevation in the content of MDA, FASL, and NF-kB was established, which coincided with the morphological signs of hepatocyte destruction. Low-molecular chitosan obtained from Bombyx mori pupae to a certain extent restored the histiostructure of the liver of rats with ATH, reduced the processes of lipid peroxidation and apoptosis, cytolysis, cholestasis and hepatocellular failure. In terms of hepatoprotective action, it was not inferior to the classical hepatoprotector Carsil.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE PREVENTION OF DENTAL DISEASES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING WORKERS

Nizomiddin N. Sadriev — 2024-07-04

It is known that a complex of occupational factors contributes to the development of chronic diseases of the oral cavity, such as hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils, subatrophic diseases of the oral mucosa, inflammation of periodontal tissues, carious and non-carious lesions of the hard tissues of the teeth. The study of the epidemiology of dental diseases conducted in many countries of the world indicates significant differences in the prevalence and intensity of dental caries, periodontal diseases and oral mucosa, and the determining role of natural, social, domestic, cultural, as well as occupational and industrial factors in the development of these processes.

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE CLINICAL PICTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONDITION OF PERIODONT TISSUE DISEASES IN PREGNANT WOMEN

Jasur A. Rizaev — 2024-07-04

Pregnant women have the highest risk of dental diseases. According to a number of authors, the prevalence of dental caries during the physiological period of pregnancy is 91.4%, in 90% of cases, diseases of the periodontal disease tissue, mainly damage to healthy teeth with an acute course of the carious process, make up 38% of pregnant women. Secondary caries, development of the caries process, enamel hyperesthesia in 79% of pregnant women. At the same time, the growth intensity of dental caries in terms of the absolute increase in the index of caries-fillers-removed teeth during pregnancy is 0.83.

MODERN APPROACHES TO PREVENTION AND REHABILITATION OF ADHESIVE DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH EXTERNAL GENITAL ENDOMETRIOSIS

Farrukh O. Abidov — 2024-07-04

It is known that these methods can reduce the degree of the inflammatory process and the frequency of adhesion formation, but there is no confirming clinical and experimental statistical data on this issue. That is why it is especially important to search for not only new mechanisms leading to the formation of adhesions in the pelvic organs, but also to develop methods for the prevention and treatment of adhesions, which will improve the tactics of managing such patients. Anamnesis, general clinical and gynecological examination were collected.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOLATE CYCLE MARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES COMPLICATED BY DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY

Barno Kh. Shagazatova — 2024-07-04

One of the most studied genetic factors in the context of DN is the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, specifically the C677T polymorphism. This single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with elevated plasma homocysteine levels, which are known to contribute to vascular damage and the progression of nephropathy in diabetic patients. Research consistently shows that the 677T allele, particularly in individuals with the homozygous form (TT genotype), significantly increases the risk of developing DN across various populations.

IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTION IN COVID-19 INFECTION

Dilrukh Kh. Madazimova — 2024-07-04

The SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) is highly contagious, virulent and shows tropism to many cells of human organs. To enter the cell, the SARS-CoV-2 virus uses the angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 (APV2) receptor, which is highly expressed in the kidneys. Through the APF2-dependent signaling pathway, SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect the epithelium of the renal tubules and podocytes.

A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF MISCARRIAGE IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER

Gulnara D. Matrizaeva — 2024-07-04

Miscarriage is a pressing issue in modern medicine. Clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical features of the endometrium structure may be the basis of this pathology, which is why it is very important to study its features and structure in healthy women and women with reproductive losses of reproductive age. And only on the basis of these parameters can we prove a change from the norm and understand the cause of miscarriage from a clinical and pathomorphological point of view.

ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS AFTER RADICAL CYSTECTOMY PERFORMED BY EXTRAPERITONEAL ACCESS

Mirzagalib N. Tillashayxov — 2024-07-04

Objective: to evaluate the quality of life of patients with invasive bladder cancer after undergoing radical cystectomy performed through extraperitoneal access.

Material and methods: 90 patients with invasive bladder cancer stage T2-3N0-2M0, aged 63.2±4.3 years, were examined. All patients underwent radical cystectomy using an extraperitoneal approach with dissection of the pelvic lymph nodes. Surveillance monitoring was carried out when the patient was discharged from the hospital, 3 and 12 months after surgery. To assess the quality of life of patients, the SF-36 and KDQOL-SF™ 1.3 questionnaires were used.

Results: When performing radical cystectomy via extraperitoneal access in the early stages of the postoperative period, a predominance of average scores on the SF-36 and KDQOL-SF™1.3 questionnaires was established. In the long-term postoperative period after 12 months, the patient’s general health is completely restored and the quality of life significantly improves.

Conclusion: SF-36 and KDQOL-SF™1.3 questionnaires. allow us to objectively assess the impact of radical cystectomy on the quality of life of patients at different times after surgery.

ASSESSING PELVIC FLOOR REHABILITATION EFFICACY USING ELECTROMYOGRAPHY

Nargiza Mirkhamidova — 2024-07-04

Objective: The objective of this research is to assess the efficacy of individualized rehabilitation programs for female sexual dysfunction associated with neurological disorders using electromyography (EMG) to assess the functionality of the pelvic floor muscles. Methods: A total of 133 women with diagnosed sexual dysfunction and various neurological disorders were split into two distinct groups: a control group (n=66) receiving standard care and a treatment group (n=67) undergoing a comprehensive rehabilitation program. This program included transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS), biofeedback therapy and Kegel exercises. EMG was utilized to assess the amplitude and strength of the bulbocavernosus, pubococcygeus, and iliococcygeus muscles prior to and following the intervention. Results: Initial EMG measurements indicated no notable differences between the control and intervention groups (p>0.05), but post-treatment, the intervention group exhibited markedly enhanced muscle function compared to the control group. The mean amplitude (M±SD) of the bulbocavernosus muscle increased from 78.21±7.37 to 132.31±12.72 (p<0.0001), the pubococcygeus muscle from 155.57±14.89 to 254.96±24.82 (p<0.0001), and the iliococcygeus muscle from 77.21±7.37 to 132.78±12.60 (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The results indicate that individualized rehabilitation programs significantly enhance functionality of pelvic floor muscles in women with neurological disorders, as measured by EMG.

THYROID STATUS OF THE OFFSPRINGS OBTAINED FROM FEMALES WITH EXPERIMENTAL HYPOTHYROSIS IN THE DYNAMICS OF POSTNATAL ONTOGENESIS

Mokhizoda A. Mirtolipova — 2024-07-04

Thyroid dysfunction remains one of the most pressing problems in the world. Among them, a special place is occupied by hypothyroidism in pregnant women, which, according to various sources, is observed in 2-2.5% of all pregnant women and can manifest itself in subclinical or manifest forms. Hypothyroidism in pregnant women has a harmful effect on the offspring, leading to structural and functional disorganization of the own thyroid system, discoordination of immunogenesis processes, disruption of cell proliferation and differentiation, growth and formation of organs and tissues. The relevance of the problem of hypothyroidism in pregnant women in the practice of doctors of various specialties is undeniable, since due to the lack of thyroid hormones necessary for the normal development and functioning of almost every cell of the human body, serious changes occur in all organs and systems. Therefore, studying the effect of hypothyroidism in pregnant women on the structural and functional characteristics of the offspring’s immune system in early postnatal ontogenesis is one of the most important current tasks of medicine.

IMMUNOBIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DISEASES OF THE BRONCHOPULMONARY SYSTEM

Feruza O. Tasheva — 2024-07-04

In light of the high prevalence of chronic nonspecific lung diseases and their significant impact on disability rates, one of the key healthcare challenges is the prevention, accurate diagnosis, and effective treatment of patients with such respiratory diseases. It is unequivocally important to pay attention to cross-disciplinary research and continue studying this issue, as it represents a serious medical and social problem that significantly limits the quality of life of patients. Exploring new mechanisms offers a promising path for developing innovative approaches to diagnosing and treating the combination of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is important to note that only systematic clinical and functional monitoring of patients allows for an accurate diagnosis of chronic diseases. In our country, as well as worldwide, there is a growing trend of comorbid diseases of the bronchopulmonary and cardiovascular systems. The combination of bronchial asthma and COPD increases the risk of complications in the vascular bed of the small circulation, which, in turn, places this issue among the most urgent.

WAYS TO IMPROVE THE TREATMENT OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN WORKERS EXPOSED TO STYRENE POLYMERS

Khotamjon M. Sidikov — 2024-07-04

Periodontal diseases are inflammatory conditions that affect the periodontium, the dental support apparatus that includes gingival tissue, alveolar bone, cement, and periodontal ligament. Primary pathological signs include clinical attachment loss, radiologically assessed loss of the alveolar bone, the presence of periodontal pockets and bleeding. Gingivitis is a common and mild form of PO; it is a reactive condition that is reversible with proper oral hygiene. In turn, periodontitis is an advanced form of PO when gingivitis is not treated properly, which leads to a chronic, destructive and irreversible inflammatory condition.

KEY ASPECTS OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE SCARRING PROCESS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Bahodir E. Bilalov — 2024-07-04

This literature review examines key pathogenetic aspects of the surgical wound scarring process. Understanding these processes is essential for developing strategies to manage wound healing after glaucoma surgery, as this can optimize surgical outcomes and prevent potential complications. Targeting the different stages of scarring is an important approach in the correction of wound healing not only in glaucoma surgery but also in other medical fields. The development of methods aimed at regulating inflammation, stimulating tissue regeneration and controlling scar formation improves surgical outcomes and accelerates healing. Research in the fields of molecular biology, polymer chemistry and physics, and pharmacology is helping to identify new target molecules and pathways that can be used to optimize the healing process. This opens up new possibilities for creating innovative treatments and preventing complications after surgery. Thus, molecularly targeted intervention on different stages of scarring represents a promising strategy that can significantly improve surgical outcomes and improve the quality of life of patients.