Central Asian Journal of Medicine

ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH STATUS EPILEPTICISM

Umidjon J. Khodjimatov , Rano B. Azizova — Mon, 21 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Epilepsy remains a significant issue not only in neurology but also in medicine as a whole. The prevalence of epilepsy continues to rise among children and adults worldwide. According to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), epilepsy is a brain disorder characterized by a persistent predisposition to epileptic seizures, leading to neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences. This study aims to assess the quality of life and cognitive functions in patients with status epilepticus. A prospective, comparative, and controlled study was conducted at Andijan State Medical Institute. The study included 77 patients, divided into three groups: the main group (33 patients with status epilepticus), a comparison group (20 patients with epilepsy), and a control group (24 patients without epilepsy). The cognitive function assessment was performed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale and a five-point rating system. The results showed that patients with status epilepticus had a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment, including mild dementia. Quality of life was also lower in these patients compared to the control and comparison groups. The findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive cognitive and quality-of-life assessments in managing epilepsy patients.

INTESTINAL DYSFUNCTION IN RESPIRATORY INFECTION IN CHILDREN WHO ARE FREQUENTLY AND OCCASIONALLY ILL

Khiromon N. Sirojiddinova , Munira F. Usmanova — Mon, 21 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article reported 146 frequent children and 50 low-morbid children with intestinal dysfunction in respiratory infection. The RI manifestation of children with frequent illnesses is accompanied by a number of special and non-specific sipmtomas, as well as damage to several organs and systems. Children aged 1 to 3 (61%), children aged 3 to 4 (22.6%), and children aged 5 to 6 (10.9%) made up the bulk of the frequent cases. In some cases, this group was accompanied by a background of Ri intestinal dysfunction in children. This condition can be caused by incomplete development of normal microflora or frequent use of antibiotics.

INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE FUNCTION OF SHAPED ELEMENTS IN FREQUENTLY ILL CHILDREN

Munira F. Usmanova , Khiromon N. Sirojiddinova — Mon, 21 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article presents the data of 146 frequently ill children aged from 1 to 6 years with respiratory diseases hospitalized in the No. 1 of Samarkand. As a comparison group, 30 episodically ill children were examined. The composition of the intestinal microflora, hematological parameters of blood and the adsorption capacity of erythrocytes were studied. The results of the study show that with severe diarrhea, as a complication of the underlying disease in FICh, hemolytic flora increases in the intestinal microflora, among which staphylococci occupy the first place, escherichia coli takes the second place and yeast-like fungi take the third.

THE IMPACT OF ORGAN-PRESERVING OPERATIONS ON THE OVARIAN RESERVE IN PATIENTS AFTER PATHOLOGICAL BLOOD LOSS

Nodira M. Inoyatova — Mon, 21 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

MICROBIOTA-miRNA INTERACTIONS IN NAFLD: MECHANISMS AND MOLECULAR INSIGHTS

Nodirbek Sh. Ergashov , Dinora A. Parpibaeva — Mon, 21 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, with a growing body of evidence highlighting the critical roles of gut microbiota and microRNAs (miRNAs) in its pathogenesis. The gut-liver axis serves as a key regulatory network, where microbiota-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids, and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), influence hepatic lipid metabolism and immune responses. Concurrently, miRNAs regulate gene expression in the liver and intestines, modulating lipid homeostasis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Notably, miR-122, miR-34a, and miR-21 play significant roles in disease progression. Recent studies suggest a bidirectional relationship between microbiota and miRNAs, where microbial metabolites alter miRNA expression, and host-derived miRNAs shape microbiota composition and gut-liver signaling. Dysbiosis-induced changes in miRNA profiles contribute to increased intestinal permeability, endotoxemia, and chronic hepatic inflammation, exacerbating NAFLD progression. Understanding these intricate molecular interactions is essential for elucidating NAFLD pathophysiology. This review explores the complex interplay between gut microbiota and miRNAs in NAFLD, providing insights into the mechanisms underlying disease development and progression. A deeper understanding of these relationships may enhance our comprehension of NAFLD as a systemic disorder involving the gut-liver axis.

HYGIENIC ANALYSIS OF WINTER NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH TOXIC HEPATITIS

Nizom Ermatov , Nurillo Mamasadikov , Irina Ulugnazarova — Mon, 21 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Toxic hepatitis, characterized by liver damage due to exposure to hepatotoxic substances, poses significant challenges to patients’ nutritional status, particularly during winter. Seasonal factors, such as reduced sunlight exposure, limited availability of fresh produce, and decreased physical activity, exacerbate nutritional deficiencies that can impair liver function and overall health. This study aimed to analyze the winter nutritional status of patients with toxic hepatitis, evaluating dietary intake, anthropometric parameters, and biochemical markers. Findings revealed widespread deficiencies in energy, protein, and micronutrients, including vitamin D, vitamin C, and zinc. 80 patients diagnosed with toxic hepatitis, aged 30–60 years, receiving outpatient or inpatient care during the winter season. The 40% of patients consumed less than 75% of their daily energy requirements. The average daily caloric intake was 1,480 ± 320 kcal, significantly lower than the recommended 2,000–2,200 kcal for adults with liver disease. Mean protein intake was 0.6 ± 0.2 g/kg/day, below the recommended 1.0–1.5 g/kg/day for liver regeneration. 55% of patients reported limited access to protein-rich foods such as eggs, fish, and legumes.

Confirmed diagnosis of toxic hepatitis, willingness to participate, and ability to provide informed consent. Presence of comorbid conditions affecting nutritional status (e.g., advanced kidney disease, malignancies, or severe metabolic disorders). Anthropometric assessments showed significant undernutrition in a substantial proportion of patients, while biochemical markers indicated compromised liver and nutritional health. The results highlight the need for tailored seasonal interventions, including dietary diversification, supplementation, and lifestyle modifications, to improve the nutritional and health outcomes of patients with toxic hepatitis during winter. These findings underscore the importance of integrating nutrition-focused care into hepatology practice.

THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC STATE OF THE LIVER'S VASCULAR-TISSUE STRUCTURES IN THE OFFSPRING OF INTACT EXPERIMENTAL RATS DURING POSTNATAL ONTOGENY DYNAMICS (experimental study)

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Our research has shown that the morphological examination of the liver's vascular-tissue structures in rat offspring during the early postnatal periods indicates that the processes of organ development and formation are not yet fully completed by the time of birth. During the early postnatal period, in connection with functional formation, not only does the size of the organ increase, but the processes of structural reorganization also occur. According to our data, the processes of development and formation of the liver's structural composition in rats are completed by the 30th day of postnatal development.

EVALUATION OF THE DETERMINATION OF THE CHROMOGRANIN MARKER AS AN ADDITIONAL DIAGNOSTIC SIGN OF VARIOUS VARIANTS OF ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA IN NEWBORNS

Erkin A. Eshbaev, Aziz A. Zufarov, Makhzuna Kh. Mukhsinova — Mon, 21 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

When studying the immunohistochemical aspects of various clinical and morphological types of atresia, which is one of the developmental anomalies of the esophagus, the Chromogranin marker is used to identify secretory neurons that mark the neuromuscular synapses of neuroendocrine cells and to determine whether the synthesis of functional peptide bonds occurs. By its nature it is a glycoprotein marker, which makes it possible to assess the morphofunctional state by staining the vesicles of neuromuscular synapses in the muscle layer. The high sensitivity of this marker in very low titers demonstrates all the symptoms of APUD cells masking vesicles in neuromuscular synapses. This makes it possible to plan treatment based on important criteria for determining the treatment tactics for various types of esophageal atresia.

MORPHOLOGY AND MORPHOMETRIC FEATURES OF THE LARGE INTESTINE IN THE OFFSPING BORN FROM MOTHERS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)

Ernazar Kalmurzaev , Dilorom Adilbekova — Mon, 21 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The experiment was conducted on 30 female laboratory rats, divided into two groups: control (n=15) and experimental (n=15). In the experimental group animals, diabetes mellitus was modeled by intravenous administration of alloxan in citrate buffer once intraperitoneally at a rate of 11 mg/100 g of weight. Hyperglycemia (>15 mmol/l) was confirmed using a glucometer. After confirmation of diabetes, the females were mated with healthy males. The colon was fixed in 10% formalin solution, histologically processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Morphometric analysis included measuring the thickness of the mucous, submucous and muscular layers, the height of the crypts, and counting the number of goblet cells. The results of the study showed that the offspring born to mothers with diabetes have significant changes in the structure of the colon. The thickness of the mucous layer was reduced by 18% (p<0.05), the muscular layer — by 12% (p<0.05) compared to the control group. The height of the crypts decreased by 15% (p<0.05), indicating a violation of the epithelial regeneration processes. The number of goblet cells in the mucous membrane was significantly less (by 22%, p<0.01), which may indicate a decrease in the secretory function. Histological analysis revealed signs of disorganization of the epithelial layer, an increase in the intercellular space and a decrease in the density of cellular elements. Discussion of the results suggests that the identified changes are associated with the negative effect of hyperglycemia on the processes of proliferation and differentiation of cells during intrauterine development. A decrease in the thickness of the colon wall layers and a decrease in the number of goblet cells may be due to a violation of the synthesis of proteins and lipids, as well as a change in the expression of genes regulating histogenesis. These morphological changes may underlie functional disorders such as decreased absorption capacity, impaired motility, and increased risk of developing inflammatory processes in the colon.

THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRICAL STATE OF THE LIVER IN OFFSPRING BORN TO MOTHERS WITH CHRONIC TOXIC HEPATITIS UNDER CONDITIONS OF MEDICATION CORRECTION BEFORE PREGNANCY (experimental study)

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Chronic toxic hepatitis in mothers, when corrected with medication during the pre-pregnancy period, has a positive impact on the morphofunctional state of the liver in both the mother and her offspring. This leads to a reduction in inflammatory-reactive and dystrophic processes, and under conditions of recovery and regeneration, the zones of liver parenchyma damage in both the mother and offspring are significantly reduced. As a result, this contributes to the early elimination of pathomorphological changes in the vascular-tissue structures of the liver in both the mother and offspring. Preventing morphofunctional disorders in the liver of mothers and their offspring, predicting diseases in children born to mothers with liver pathologies, and developing effective methods for early diagnosis and treatment can enhance the resistance of the offspring to various harmful external and internal environmental factors.

ANALYSIS OF HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS USING IMAGE-BASED METRICS: A MULTIVARIATE APPROACH

Guzal A. Dadaboyeva — Mon, 21 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the relationship between hemoglobin (Hb) levels and image analysis metrics derived from blood sample images. Utilizing a dataset of 425 observations, we employed descriptive statistics, graphical analysis, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, and multivariate regression to explore the impact of various image-based features on hemoglobin levels. Our findings reveal that blue channels in the image analysis have the most significant influence on hemoglobin levels, with a strong negative correlation. The study provides insights into the potential use of image-based metrics for hemoglobin analysis and highlights the importance of considering color channels in medical diagnostics.

THE RESULTS OF A CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE USE OF STROMAL VASCULAR FRACTION, BONE MARROW CONCENTRATE FOR THE TREATMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE KNEE JOINT IN THE EARLY STAGES

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the study is to investigate the combined use of high-potency fatty tissue stem cells with platelet-rich plasma in patients to reduce the development of knee osteoarthritis. The results were evaluated using clinical methods. The views of modern scholars on this matter are presented. The results have been presented, discussed, and recommended for use in knee osteoarthritis.

MULTIFOCAL/MULTICENTRIC BREAST CANCER: HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF TUMOR

Munira Kh. Norbekova , Farrux Sh. Fayziyev — Mon, 21 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Aim: This study aims to analyze the histological and molecular biological characteristics of large and small tumors in multifocal and multicentric breast cancer (BC) patients. Materials and methods: Data from 133 patients treated at the Republican Specialized Oncology and Radiology Scientific Practical Center and its branches between 2018 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Results revealed no significant statistical difference in the age of patients among the groups (p = 0.324). However, significant differences were observed in lymph node involvement (p = 0.001), histological grade (p = 0.02), histological type (p = 0.03), and type of surgery (p = 0.001). The study showed that multifocal and multicentric tumors are biologically more aggressive than unifocal tumors, with a higher tendency to metastasize and poorer prognosis. Conclusion: The results of the study confirmed that the characteristics of multifocal breast cancer can be a necessary criterion for predicting the outcome of the disease.

FEATURES OF MICROBIOCENOSIS OF THE NASAL MUCOSA AND ITS ROLE IN ALLERGIC DISEASES (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Zukhra N. Orinbayeva, Zuhra A. Nuruzova , Dilnoza A. Shahobiddinova — Mon, 21 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In the modern world, allergic respiratory diseases have a huge place among all chronic diseases. The annual increase in the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma among the global population makes relevant studies underlying their pathogenesis. Changes in the nasal mucosa alter its most important function — protection from aggressive environmental factors — allergens and pollutants. Inflammatory processes in the nasal cavity interfere with the normal mucosa functioning as a non-specific barrier and facilitate their further penetration into the microorganism.

This article provides an overview of the current scientific medical literature, summarizing the results of scientific research regarding microbiocenosis of the nasal mucosa and its effect on the development and formation of allergic rhinitis.

MORPHOMETRY OF GASTRIC WALL LAYERS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF PALM OIL

Ro‘zibek T. Tolmasov , Utkir M. Mirsharapov — Tue, 22 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Obesity is currently one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. It should be noted that nutrition accounts for 97% of all forms of obesity. This is largely due to changes in daily nutrition and lifestyle. The relevance of this problem is due to the fact that obesity is the main factor and is associated with metabolic diseases. It significantly increases the risk of developing many diseases and pathological processes

To develop prevention of gastric diseases and increase the possibility of reducing disease complications by comparative morphometric analysis of the structure of the mucous, submucosal, muscular and serous membranes of the gastric wall of rats fed palm oil, comparative analysis of the density of mucous glands, and evaluation and comparison of their morpho-functional changes under experimental conditions.

CORRECTION OF CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN THE KIDNEYS WITH INFLUENCE ON THE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE VESSELS AND, ON THIS BASIS, ASSESSMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Botir T. Daminov , Umidjon X. Sobirov — Tue, 22 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article reflects the results of studies conducted in 101 patients in the conservative stage of chronic kidney disease to assess structural and functional changes in blood vessels and improve the clinical and functional state of the kidneys with the use of hypotensive and angioprotective drugs, as well as to assess the progression of renal failure. In this case, the level of exacerbation of chronic kidney disease based on various treatment regimens is substantiated by accurate statistical calculations. At the same time, opinions and considerations are presented on various areas of future prospective research that should be carried out for the further improvement of the industry.

THE EFFECT OF LAPAROSCOPIC SLEEVE RESECTION OF GASTRIC ON NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ITS CORRECTION (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Umid S. Ruziev — Tue, 22 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Bariatric surgery is one of the most effective treatments for severe obesity. Laparoscopic sleeve resection of gastric was the most common operation, accounting for 46.0% of all procedures. The low injury rate and high functionality of laparoscopic sleeve resection of the stomach, the preservation of all secreting zones of the stomach, the simplicity of the operation using stapler technology, the absence of the need to leave a foreign body in the abdominal cavity, as well as the possibility of a complete endoscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract after surgery (unlike gastric bypass surgery) determine its popularity. Despite the fact that metabolic bariatric surgery remains the most effective method of treating morbid obesity, such interventions are associated with the risk of postoperative complications.

Early and late complications of gastric sleeve resection remain a problem of bariatric surgery, as their elimination or prevention leads to repeated surgical or minimally invasive interventions (bleeding, suture failure, stenosis, GERD), or prolonged maintenance of nutritional status in case of nutritional deficiency, which lengthens the length of hospital stay and increases the economic costs of medications to replenish deficiency of vitamins and trace elements. In this regard, the development of methods for the prevention of complications after LSRG is urgent and requires further development of ways to solve this problem.

CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING POLLUTION OF WATER BODIES, DRINKING WATER AND POPULATION MORBIDITY

Islam A. Usmanov, Aygul Zh. Ilyasova — Tue, 22 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article is devoted to the criteria development for assessing the surface water bodies pollution levels, drinking water and the risk of the spread of intestinal infections among the population. The developed criteria are based on the principle of priority maintaining importance the health of the population living in anthropogenic pollution conditions. The proposed criteria are based on the ranking, in points, of estimated indicators according to their health hazard degree. Four main pollution gradations are proposed: allowable-1, moderate-2, high-3 and extremely high-4. Accordingly, with the proposed gradation, the health hazard level for the pollution degree is assessed as permissible, causing concern, dangerous and extremely dangerous. It is proposed to use the methodology of the developed criteria for zoning, according to the health hazard degree, of contaminated surface water bodies and drinking water in order to reduce the incidence of intestinal infections in the population.

IMPORTANCE OF MONITORING MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-3 LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Iroda X. Xadjimatova , Ma`rif Sh. Karimov , Dilorom A. Abzalova — Tue, 22 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent synovial inflammation and gradually progressive bone destruction. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of zinc-containing enzymes, have been found to play an important role in the degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM).

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in cell proliferation, migration, inflammation, and cell metabolism. More and more people are paying attention to their function in inflammatory and immune diseases.

ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS

Nizom J. Ermatov, Aygerim J. Jumanazarova — Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF UTERINE STROMAL SARCOMA

Umida A. Qalandarova , Bahrom S. Yuldashev — Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

For immunohistochemical study of malignant mesenchymal tumors of the uterus, 26 patients with uterine stromal sarcoma and 24 patients with uterine leiomyosarcoma were selected. In addition to the results of the morphological study, the expression of cells with monoclonal antibodies VEGF, Ki67 and Bcl 2 was studied using the Bond Leica Australia (Australia) immunohistoprocessor for immunohistochemical research, which is currently recognized as the gold standard in the world.

MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND MODERN DIAGNOSTICS OF WHOOPING COUGH IN CHILDREN

Sevinch N. Nosirova , Shahruzakhon J. Islomova , Zamira R. Faizullaeva — Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Despite widespread immunization efforts, whooping cough tenaciously persists as a global health concern. Frustratingly, the ideal diagnostic tool – one possessing high sensitivity and specificity, coupled with ease of reproducibility for seamless integration into clinical practice – remains elusive. The decades of the 1980s and 1990s, however, heralded a new era of understanding, yielding invaluable insights into the antigenic architecture of Bordetella pertussis and its arsenal of pathogenic weapons. This review delves into the pathogenic microbiological characteristics exhibited by isolated strains, illuminating the intricate mechanisms by which B. pertussis orchestrates the disease process. We explore the diverse pathogenic factors at play, dissecting their individual roles in disease progression and their collective contribution to the development of human immunity. Furthermore, we shed light on specific, often debated, facets of whooping cough pathogenesis. Finally, we present a critical assessment of current laboratory diagnostic methods for B. pertussis infection, carefully weighing their respective strengths and limitations, ultimately underscoring the ongoing need for improved diagnostic capabilities.

THE NEED TO INTRODUCE COMPUTERIZED MEDICAL TRIAGE SCALES

Bakhrom E. Yuldashev , Noiba T. Yuldasheva — Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article discusses the importance of introducing computerized medical triage scales (CMTS) into modern healthcare systems. Their advantages over traditional triage methods, impact on diagnostic speed and resource allocation in emergency departments (EDs) are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the algorithms CAP-SORT, TS, RTS, CRAMS, SORT and MEES. Data on the impact of automated triage on mortality, waiting time and clinical outcomes are presented.

MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CAUSES OF HOSPITAL-HOSPITAL INFECTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR DIAGNOSIS OF HOSPITALIZED STRAINS

Zamira R. Fayzullaeva , Rukhsora O. Boymamadova , Shahzoda H. Olimboeva — Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a major health problem for the entire global community. In the world, they develop annually in 2-2.2 million people, and the length of hospital stay as a result of their development increases by an average of 5-9 days. Layering on top of the underlying disease and increasing its duration, nosocomial infections give rise to new problems - postoperative mortality. They are a common cause of neonatal mortality, affecting child mortality in general. The number of nosocomial infections according to various studies amounted to 10-70% of the number of hospitalized people and in 2% of cases the disease ended in death. The epidemic spread of nosocomial infections is facilitated by the formation and widespread distribution of strains multiresistant to modern antimicrobial drugs, characterized by high virulence and increased resistance to environmental factors, including disinfectants. As a result of the occurrence of nosocomial infections, the cost of antibacterial drugs accounts for a third of all drugs sold.

MORPHOLOGY AND MORPHOMETRIC FEATURES OF THE SMALL INTESTINE IN WHITE LABORATORY RATS DURING POSTNATAL ONTOGENESIS

Allambergen Rasbergenov , Dilorom Adilbekova — Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the morphological and morphometric characteristics of the small intestine in white laboratory rats during postnatal ontogenesis, focusing on developmental changes from birth to adulthood. The small intestine, a critical organ for nutrient digestion and absorption, undergoes significant structural and functional transformations as the organism matures. Using histological and morphometric techniques, we examined the dynamics of changes in the mucosal layer, villi height, crypt depth, and muscular layer thickness in rats aged 1 to 90 days. The results revealed that the most pronounced changes occur during the first 30 days of life, characterized by rapid growth and differentiation of intestinal tissues. By the 60th day, the morphometric parameters stabilized, indicating the completion of major developmental processes. Histological analysis demonstrated an increase in villi height and crypt depth, reflecting enhanced absorptive and secretory capacities of the small intestine. These findings provide insights into the adaptive mechanisms of the small intestine during postnatal development and contribute to a deeper understanding of the organ's functional maturation. The study underscores the importance of the early postnatal period in shaping the structural and functional integrity of the small intestine, with implications for comparative anatomy and developmental biology.

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND PATHOGEN SHIFTS IN VAGINAL MICROBIOTA: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON IMPLICATIONS FOR SUTURE SOAKING IN SURGICAL SITE INFECTION PREVENTION

Asal I. Buribaeva , Zulfiya I. Ixlosova — Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a critical challenge in gynecological surgeries, including those for genital prolapse. The vaginal microbiota, comprising diverse bacterial and fungal species, plays a pivotal role in SSIs by introducing pathogens into surgical sites. Understanding local bacterial flora and antibiotic resistance patterns is essential for developing targeted strategies, such as soaking sutures in antibiotics preoperatively. This study analyzes hospital data from 2019 to 2023 to identify prevalent vaginal pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity, informing evidence-based suture-soaking protocols.

SANITARY LOSSES IN WARS OF THE LAST 100 YEARS, CHANGES IN THEIR STRUCTURE, AND THE IMPACT OF MEDICAL ASSISTANCE AT THE TACTICAL STAGE

Nodir N. Kobilov — Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article presents data on losses in wars over the past 100 years. In the process of studying the data obtained, the factors influencing their amount were studied, and finally, general conclusions and suggestions were made.

NAVIGATING DISTANCE METASTASES IN MULTIFOCAL BREAST CANCER

Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose of the study: to analyze the process of tumor metastasis in patients with multifocal breast cancer (BC). Material and method: a retrospective analysis of data from 133 patients treated at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Center of Oncology and Radiology and its branches during the period 2018-2023. Results: Conclusion: for patients with multifocal characteristics, the frequency of tumor involvement in regional lymph nodes is higher; however, there is practically no difference compared to unifocal tumors in terms of metastasis to distant organs.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF INFILTRATIVE GROWTH IN BREAST CANCER TUMORS

Lola T. Alimkhodzhaeva, Sherzod I. Ruziyev, Orifa M. Ahmadjanova — Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Even though breast cancer is currently one of the most studied oncological pathologies, the question of the occurrence, characteristics, and prevalence of infiltrating breast cancer remains unclear, as evidenced by the wide dispersion of figures on the frequency of this disease according to various authors - from 2 to 62%. To date, issues related to the diagnosis, selection of adequate treatment, and prediction of the outcome of the disease in infiltrating breast cancer remain particularly complex, considering that in most published studies, a limited number of markers do not allow for full clarification of the biological profile of this type, there is no data on the prognostic significance, and a comprehensive diagnostic algorithm combining morphological and IGC criteria has not been defined.

IMMUNOGYSTOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPRESSION OF KI-67 AND P53 MARKERS IN PEDIATRIC NEPHROPLASTOMA

Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In this study, the levels of expression of immunohistochemical markers Ki-67 and p53 in various morphological variants of nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) in children were studied. The study was conducted in 2020-2024 with the participation of 60 patients with nephroblastoma who were treated in specialized medical institutions of the city of Tashkent. Of these, 20 had epithelial, 20 had mesenchymal, and 20 had mixed forms of nephroblastoma. The Ki-67 marker was evaluated as a protein controlling the proliferative activity of tumor cells, and p53 as a protein controlling the processes of damage and apoptosis in the genome. According to the obtained results, a high degree of positive reactions prevailed in all variants. In particular, in the epithelial type, high expression was observed in 60% of cases for Ki-67 and in 40% of cases for p53. High proliferative and genetic activity was also noted in mesenchymal and mixed species. These indicators confirm the significance of immunohistochemical markers in assessing the aggressive course and prognosis of nephroblastoma.

METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH MAXILLARY SINUS CYSTS

Jamolbek A. Djuraev , Sunnatilla A. Mirzaev , Ilyosjon O. Soatov — Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Maxillary sinus cysts are a type of cyst located within the maxillary sinus. These cysts can arise from various causes, such as infections, injuries, or congenital defects. If cysts are not treated in a timely manner, they can damage the jaw bones and disrupt the normal functioning of teeth. In our scientific study, the total number of patients was 140. According to the WHO classification, patients were divided into 3 age groups, and all of them underwent surgery. The first group consisted of 68 patients aged 18-44 years. The second group consisted of 45 patients aged 45-59 years. The third group consisted of 27 patients aged 60-74 years.

MODERN EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PREVENTION OF TUBERCULOSIS

Asadullo A. Bakirov , Islambek T. Sharibaev — Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines modern strategies for managing the persistent threat of tuberculosis (TB). It outlines the general features of tuberculosis and its epidemiology in Central Asia, particularly focusing on Uzbekistan, and describes modern prevention and treatment strategies. The article focuses on the situation of tuberculosis in Uzbekistan, analyzing the achievements along with the challenges of TB control such as the problem of MDR-TB, and offers modern epidemiological methods to enhance control program systems. With the use of comparative tables and detailed references, the article demonstrates the lack of integrated surveillance, diagnostics, and outpatient care as a vital gap to be bridged to reduce the impact of TB not only in Uzbekistan, but in many other countries as well.

MODERN ADVANCEMENTS IN CERVICAL CANCER PREVENTION, EARLY RECOGNITION, AND PROGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT

Dildora B. Nasretdinova — Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This work highlights recent advancements in the field of cervical cancer, focusing on three critical areas: prevention, early detection, and prognostic evaluation. Emphasis is placed on the implementation of HPV vaccination programs, novel biomarkers, and molecular screening techniques that enhance early recognition of precancerous changes. Advances in imaging technologies and liquid-based cytology are also discussed as key tools for improving diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, the study explores modern prognostic models, including genomic profiling and AI-based risk stratification, which aid in predicting disease progression and tailoring individualized treatment plans. Together, these innovations represent a significant step forward in reducing the incidence and mortality associated with cervical cancer.

CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE MYOCARDIUM IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPODYNAMIC AND DIABETES

Odilbek Matkarimov , Sayyora Axmedova , Norbek Niyozov — Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study is devoted to morphological changes in the myocardium under conditions of hypodynamia and diabetes mellitus, which are currently an urgent problem. The study examined heart tissue from 120 rats exposed to hypodynamia and diabetes mellitus and their offspring. The results showed that dystrophic changes are observed in the heart walls of rats under conditions of diabetes mellitus. The maximum level of the inflammatory process was noted in our observations. During this period, perivascular hemorrhages, interstitial edema, lymphohistiocytic infiltration, as well as signs of mucoid and fibrinoid thickening in the myocardial stroma, are observed. Inflammatory processes are more pronounced in the subendocardial area, and an increase in edema is detected.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND TREATMENT OF PHARYNGEAL TONSIL HYPERTROPHY IN CHILDREN WITH TORCH INFECTION

Nigora A. Rasulova — Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

According to the data of the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute clinic, hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsils mainly develops in children aged 3 to 6 years 31 (51.6%) and from 7 to 10 years 17 (28.3%), while at the age of 11-16 years, there were 12 (20.1%) children. The main clinical symptoms indicating the presence of herpesvirus infection in OGM are regional cervical lymphadenitis (14.8%), as well as recurrent exudative otitis media (14.8%). The most effective treatment in children with GHM infected with herpesviruses is a combined method, including adenotomy with the prescription of antibacterial and antiviral drugs in the preoperative period (95%), while with surgical, conservative treatment, the effectiveness is lower (81.2 and 50%, respectively).

THE IMPACT OF PESTICIDE USE IN AGRICULTURE: THEIR BENEFITS AND HAZARDS

Lenara X. Elmurodova , Jasurbek D. Ummatov — Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Pesticides are widely used in agriculture to protect crops from pests and diseases, ensuring food security and economic stability. Despite their benefits, excessive and improper use poses serious environmental and health hazards. This article explores the historical development, production, and application of pesticides, particularly in Uzbekistan, where their use has been regulated since 1947. The study highlights the advantages of pesticides, such as increased agricultural productivity and disease control, while also addressing their harmful effects on human health and ecosystems.

THE CONSEQUENCES OF AIRBORNE INFECTIONS FROM A SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE

Talat T. Mamatkulov , Ulbolgan D. Utepbergenova — Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In this article, the focus is set on the sociological aspects of airborne infection alongside other social and economic impacts. The article summarizes TB, flu, COVID-19, and their spread patterns in the region and Uzbekistan in particular. It analyzes the countermeasures available for these diseases and their current treatment strategies while auditing Uzbekistan’s situation regarding airborne infections. Moreover, it provides social and economic consequences in terms of lost productivity, health care costs as well as stigma and social isolation, underlined through direct quotations and comparison tables that substantiate the argument. It highlights the lack of focus on the sociological side and preventive measures necessary to contain the infection.