JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SCIENTIFIC MEDICINE

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COURSE OF NECROTIC SOFT TISSUE DISEASES COMPLICATED BY SEPSIS IN THE SETTING OF DIABETES MELLITUS

D.N. Korikhonov — 2024-04-30

Background. Purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues in patients with diabetes mellitus proceed quite aggressively and, according to the standards, characteristic of acute infections of soft tissues without diabetes mellitus can inconsistently affect the fate of patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus. The study aimed to study the features of the cytological picture of wounds in patients with purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues on the background of diabetes mellitus after the use of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor.

Methods. In 132 patients with purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues on the background of diabetes mellitus, cytological studies of the wound were performed. The background materials of the cytological preparation were detritus, small protein grains, fat drops, crystals, hematoidin, cholesterol, etc. The cytological material was stained with azure-eosin mixtures.

Results. The results obtained indicate that along with cellular elements in the morphology of the wound in patients with purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues against the background of diabetes mellitus, other representatives of the cytological picture also play a significant role. The results of a cytological study of smears-imprints of a purulent inflammatory wound of soft tissues in patients with diabetes mellitus showed that the microscopic picture of the smear was characterized, first, by the presence of a microbial factor in combination with background elements.

Conclusion. Under the influence of the preparation of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor in patients with purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues against the background of diabetes mellitus, it increases the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes, and increases their phagocytic activity in the wound.

THE ROLE AND PLACE OF HUMORAL IMMUNITY IN BONE REGENERATION

I.Z. Napasov — 2024-04-30

The immune system is actively involved in bone regeneration. This reasoning may stem from the peculiarities of immune cell populations, which are known to be diverse and heterogeneous. Such functional and cytological versatility of bone tissue, to a certain extent, may indicate the similarity of their natural relationship. The basis of this connection is regenerative processes, which we decided to describe in this review article.

PRIMARY PURULENT MEDIASTINITIS

K.Kh. Boboev — 2024-04-30

This review article provides information on the causes of primary mediastinitis. Back in the 19th century, surgeons identified two ways for infection to penetrate the mediastinum: from the esophagus when it is perforated and from the cellular spaces of the neck. This corresponds to the division of mediastinitis into primary and secondary. Purulent mediastinitis is considered primary if it develops as a primary purulent complication of diseases and injuries of the mediastinal organs. Secondary purulent mediastinitis develops with contact or metastatic spread of the purulent process to the mediastinum, in the presence of a primary purulent focus outside the mediastinal tissue. From a clinical point of view, it seems appropriate to single out postoperative mediastinitis in a special group. It is concluded that the relevance of primary mediastinitis remains and knowledge in this field of surgery is still in demand.

PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR DIABETIC FOOT SYNDROME

F.M. Abdurakhmanov — 2024-04-30

The prevalence of diabetic foot syndrome among diabetic patients averages 4-10%. Even though the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in different countries ranges from 1.5 to 6%, patients with diabetic foot syndrome account for 40-60% of all non-traumatic lower limb amputations. Diabetic foot as an independent complication of diabetes mellitus, along with diabetic lesions of the eyes, kidneys, cardiovascular and nervous systems, was identified in the Report of the WHO Research Group in Geneva, in 1987.

This review article presents literature data for the last 10 years on the prevalence of diabetic foot syndrome as the main cause of disability and mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus.

ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION IN ELDERLY AND SENILE PATIENTS

S.S. Khudoyberdiev — 2024-04-30

One of the first ancient scholars to describe in detail all aspects of acute intestinal obstruction is Abu Ali Ibn Sino (980-1030), known in Europe as Avicenna. His description of acute intestinal obstruction in the multi-volume treatise "Canon of Medicine" (Book 3, Part 16, Treatise 3) presented the name of this pathology as "qoolinj" and "ehtebase sofl" (stool retention). "Qoolinj" and "ilavos" are intestinal diseases characterized by a pain syndrome that leads to difficulty in defecation. The causes of "qoolinj" are in and around the large intestine, while the origin of "ilavos" is in the small intestine. Based on the symptoms and their causes, "qoolinj" and "ilavos" are included in different types, and the obstructive type can be considered the equivalent of bowel obstruction in modern medicine. Avicenna said that the cause of "qoolinj" and "ilavos" may be an obstruction that blocks the passage of feces and gas. Thus, it leads to severe distension of the intestines and abdominal pain.

Truly described in reality corresponds to many aspects of the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestation of acute intestinal obstruction, the current problems of which we describe in this review article.

PATHOGENESIS OF ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION IN ELDERLY AND SENILE AGE PATIENTS

I.B. Khamdamov — 2024-04-30

Pathomorphological changes in the intestine during the development of acute intestinal obstruction depend on the form of the lesion of this organ. Thus, in patients with strangulation intestinal obstruction, the main area of the lesion is considered to be the strangulation area, that is, the place where the main vessels and nerves of the mesentery are compressed. Along with this, compression occurs and the area of the intestine itself, leading to a violation of trophism in this area. In contrast to the above, in case of obturational intestinal obstruction, the main pathological manifestations occur in the leading part of the intestine. With the development of dynamic intestinal obstruction, the intestine does not have a certain area of the lesion and all pathological processes are diffuse. A common, unifying content in the development of acute intestinal obstruction in elderly and senile patients is considered to be the presence of a number of pathological syndromes, such as enteral insufficiency, water-electrolyte balance disorders, protein imbalance, endotoxiscosis, sepsis, etc. To properly understand the physiology and pathology of acute intestinal obstruction, a deep understanding of the anatomy of the intestine is required. The basis of intestinal anatomy is rooted in intestinal embryology.

This review article presents up-to-date information on the anatomical prerequisites of pathogenesis and clinical and laboratory changes in acute intestinal obstruction in elderly and senile patients.

NEUROINFLAMMATORY MECHANISMS IN HEMORRHAGIC STROKE

S.M. Musaev — 2024-04-30

The scientific review substantiates the role of leukocytes and microglia in the pathogenesis of inflammation in the ischemic brain. Initial neuronal damage occurs within minutes of ischemia, while the inflammatory response that contributes to the progression of the pathology can last from several days to several months. Attention is focused on the fact that the migration of neutrophils into the brain parenchyma and their secretion of proteases is one of the main causes of the death of neurons and glia during reperfusion and delayed brain damage.

THE ROLE STEREOMETRY IN MEDICINE

Kh.I. Ernazarov — 2024-04-30

The review summarizes literature data on the use of stereometry in medicine. The results obtained after using stereometry are also analyzed and discussed. It was concluded that the optimal placement of instrumental trocars is the key to success in performing surgical interventions.