WORLD HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SURGERY

Abstract

Surgery is the branch of medicine that deals with the physical manipulation of a bodily structure to diagnose, prevent, or cure an ailment. Ambroise Pare, a 16th-century French surgeon, stated that to perform surgery is, "To eliminate that which is superfluous, restore that which has been dislocated, separate that which has been united, join that which has been divided and repair the defects of nature." Since humans first learned how to make and handle tools, they have employed their talents to develop surgical techniques, each time more sophisticated than the last; however, until the Industrial Revolution, surgeons were incapable of overcoming the three principal obstacles which had plagued the medical profession from its infancy—bleeding, pain and infection. Advances in these fields have transformed surgery from a risky art into a scientific discipline capable of treating many diseases and conditions. This manuscript is a continuation of our reports on the history of medicine and this is very important, since the meaning of history is the road to the construction of the future [1-11].